Match on Action:
This is cutting on action happening in a film, for example when someone is opening the door, the camera would be filming from behind them showing that the subject is walking away from the camera and through the door and is starting to enter the room, and then it will cut and start filming from the other side of the door so that it shows that person walking towards the camera and away from the door as if they have already entered the room. In other words, it's where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action.
Shot/reverse shot:
This is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character who is usually off-screen or is seen only by the back of the shoulder, and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. Since the characters are are shown facing in the opposite direction, the viewer would assume that they are looking directly at each other.
180 degree rule:
This rule is a basic guideline regarding the on-screen spatial relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene. Usually an imaginary line called the axis connects with the characters, and that works by keeping the camera on one side of the axis for every shot in the same scene. the first characters is always frame right of the second character, who is the always frame left of the first character.
This clip is an example of every film technique mentioned above:
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